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  • RhoGDI-3 is a new GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI). Identification of a non-cytosolic GDI protein interacting with the small GTP-binding proteins RhoB and RhoG. 8939998

    RhoB is a small GTP-binding protein highly homologous to the RhoA protein. While RhoA is known to regulate the assembly of focal adhesions and stress fibers in response to growth factors, the function of RhoB remains unknown. We have reported that the transient expression of the endogenous RhoB protein is regulated during the cell cycle, contrasting with the permanent RhoA protein expression (). Using the yeast two-hybrid system to characterize proteins interacting with RhoB, we identified a new mouse Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor, referenced as RhoGDI-3. The NH2-terminal alpha helix of RhoGDI-3 is strongly amphipatic and differs thus from that found in previously described bovine, human, and yeast RhoGDI proteins and mouse and human D4/Ly-GDIs. Contrary to the cytosolic localization of all known GDI proteins, acting on Rab or Rho, RhoGDI-3 is associated to a Triton X-100-insoluble membranous or cytoskeletal subcellular fraction. In the two-hybrid system, RhoGDI-3 interacts specifically with GDP- and GTP-bound forms of post-translationally processed RhoB and RhoG proteins, both of which show a growth-regulated expression in mammalian cells. No interaction is found with RhoA, RhoC, or Rac1 proteins. We show that GDI-3 is able to inhibit GDP/GTP exchange of RhoB and to release GDP-bound but not GTP-bound RhoB from cell membranes.
    Dokumententyp:
    Referenz
    Produkbestellnummer:
    06-730
    Produktbezeichnung:
    Anti-RhoGDI Antibody

  • Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) enhances the thyroid hormone induction of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I alph ... 15469941

    Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) catalyzes the rate-controlling step in the pathway of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Thyroid hormone will stimulate the expression of the liver isoform of CPT-I (CPT-I alpha). This induction of CPT-I alpha gene expression requires the thyroid hormone response element in the promoter and sequences within the first intron. The peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) is a coactivator that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and hepatic gluconeogenesis. In addition, PGC-1 alpha will stimulate the expression of CPT-I alpha in primary rat hepatocytes. Here we report that thyroid hormone will increase PGC-1 alpha mRNA and protein levels in rat hepatocytes. In addition, overexpression of PGC-1 alpha will enhance the thyroid hormone induction of CPT-I alpha indicating that PGC-1 alpha is a coactivator for thyroid hormone. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we show that PGC-1 alpha is associated with both the thyroid hormone response element in the CPT-I alpha gene promoter and the first intron of the CPT-I alpha gene. Our data demonstrate that PGC-1 alpha participates in the stimulation of CPT-I alpha gene expression by thyroid hormone and suggest that PGC-1 alpha is a coactivator for thyroid hormone.
    Dokumententyp:
    Referenz
    Produkbestellnummer:
    06-599
    Produktbezeichnung:
    Anti-acetyl-Histone H3 Antibody

  • D4-GDI, a substrate of CPP32, is proteolyzed during Fas-induced apoptosis. 8626669

    Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a fundamental process for normal development of multicellular organisms, and is involved in the regulation of the immune system, normal morphogenesis, and maintenance of homeostasis, ICE/CED-3 family cysteine proteases have been implicated directly in apoptosis, but relatively few of the substrates through which their action is mediated have been identified. Here we report that D4-GDI, an abundant hematopoietic cell GDP dissociation inhibitor for the Ras-related Rho family GTPases, is a substrate of the apoptosis protease CPP32/Yama/Apopain. D4-GDI was rapidly truncated to a 23-kDa fragment in Jurkat cells with kinetics that parallel the onset of apoptosis following Fas cross-linking with agonistic antibody or treatment with staurosporine. Fas- and staurosporine-induced apoptosis as well as cleavage of D4-GDI were inhibited by the ICE inhibitor, YVAD-cmk. D4-GDI was cleaved in vitro by recombinant CPP32 expressed in Escherichia coli to form a 23-kDa fragment. The CPP32-mediated cleavage of D4-GDI was completely inhibited by 1 microM DEVD-CHO, a reported selective inhibitor of CPP32. In contrast, the ICE-selective inhibitors, YVAD-CHO or YVAD-cmk, did not inhibit CPP32-mediated D4-GDI cleavage at concentrations up to 50 microM. N-terminal sequencing of the 23-kDa D4-GDI fragment demonstrated that D4-GDI was cleaved between Asp19 and Ser20 of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-like cleavage sequence DELD19S. These data suggest that regulation by D4-GDI of Rho family GTPases may be disrupted during apoptosis by CPP32-mediated cleavage of the GDI protein.
    Dokumententyp:
    Referenz
    Produkbestellnummer:
    06-730
    Produktbezeichnung:
    Anti-RhoGDI Antibody

  • Expression level, subcellular distribution and rho-GDI binding affinity of merlin in comparison with Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin proteins. 10490812

    Merlin, a neurofibromatosis type-2 tumor suppressor, shows significant sequence similarity to ERM (Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin) proteins, general actin filament/plasma membrane cross-linkers, which are regulated in a Rho-dependent manner. To understand its physiological functions, we compared merlin with ERM proteins in vivo and in vitro. Quantitative immunoblotting revealed that the molar ratio of merlin/ERM in cultured epithelial or non-epithelial cells was approximately 0.14 or approximately 0.05, respectively. After centrifugation of cell homogenate, merlin was mostly recovered in the insoluble fraction, whereas almost half of ERM proteins were found in the soluble fraction. Merlin and ERM proteins were concentrated at microvilli when introduced into fibroblasts. In contrast, in epithelial cells, introduced merlin was co-distributed with E-cadherin in lateral membranes, whereas ERM proteins were concentrated in apical microvilli. Finally, we examined the binding affinity of merlin to Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (Rho-GDI), to which N-terminal halves of ERM proteins but not the full-length molecules specifically bind. In vitro binding assays revealed that the N-terminal halves of merlin isoform-I and -II as well as full-length merlin isoform-II bound to Rho-GDI with similar binding affinity to ERM proteins. Immunoprecipitation confirmed these findings in vivo. These findings do not favor the notion that merlin functions simply in a redundant or competitive manner to ERM proteins.
    Dokumententyp:
    Referenz
    Produkbestellnummer:
    07-121

  • The cervicothalamic tract terminates in Cat301-sparse regions of the cat VPL. 8856705

    The termination pattern of the cervicothalamic tract (CTI), labelled with anterogradely transported WGA-HRP, was compared with the immunolabelling pattern obtained with the monoclonal antibody Cat301 in adjacent sections through the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL). CTT terminations are located in peripheral parts of the medial and lateral parts of the VPL (VPLm and VPL1), being more extensive in the caudal than in the rostral parts of the subnuclei, and in the dorsal part of VPL1 and dorsolateral part of VPLm, regions that are all sparse in CAt301 immunoreactivity. Central regions of the VPL with dense Cat301 immunolabelling contain only very sparse CTT termination. Thus, our findings show that the CTT innervates a compartment of the VPL that is characterized by sparse Cat301 immunoreactivity.
    Dokumententyp:
    Referenz
    Produkbestellnummer:
    MAB5284
    Produktbezeichnung:
    Anti-Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Antibody, Brain (core protein), clone Cat-301

  • Prognostic value of rho GTPases and rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors in human breast cancers. 14695145

    PURPOSE: Rho family members are small GTPases that are known to regulate malignant transformation and motility of cancer cells. The activities of Rhos are regulated by molecules such as guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). This study determined the levels of expression and the distribution of Rho-A, -B, -C, and -G, and Rho-6, -7, and -8, as well as Rho-GDI-beta, and Rho-GDI-gamma, in breast cancer and assessed their prognostic value. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The distribution and location of Rhos and RhoGDIs were assessed using immunohistochemical staining of frozen sections. The levels of transcripts of these molecules were determined using a real-time quantitative PCR. Levels of expression were analyzed against nodal involvement and distant metastasis, grade, and survival over a 6-year follow-up period. RESULTS: The levels of Rho-C, Rho-6, and Rho-G were significantly higher in breast cancer tissues (n = 120) than in background normal tissues (n = 32). However, the level of Rho-A and -B and rho-7 and -8 was found to be similar in tumor and normal tissues. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the high level of staining of Rho-C protein in tumor cells. The levels of Rho-GDI-gamma transcripts were found to be significantly lower in tumor tissues than in normal tissues (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Node-positive tumors have significantly higher levels of Rho-C and Rho-G, and lower levels of Rho-GDI and Rho-GDI-gamma transcripts, than do node-negative tumors. Significantly higher levels of Rho-C and Rho-G were seen in patients who died of breast cancer than in those who remained disease free. Patients with recurrent disease, with metastasis or who died of breast cancer, also exhibited higher levels of Rho-6 but lower levels of Rho-GDI-gamma. Higher-grade tumors were also associated with low levels of Rho-GDI and Rho-GDI-gamma. CONCLUSIONS: Raised levels of Rho-C, Rho-G and Rho-6 and reduced expression of Rho-GDI and -GDI-gamma in breast tumor tissues are correlated with the nodal involvement and metastasis. This suggests that the expression of Rhos and Rho-GDIs in breast cancer is unbalanced and that this disturbance has clinical significance in breast cancer.
    Dokumententyp:
    Referenz
    Produkbestellnummer:
    Mehrere
    Produktbezeichnung:
    Mehrere

  • Ti-6Al-7Nb promotes cell spreading and fibronectin and osteopontin synthesis in osteoblast-like cells. 16770546

    The purpose of this study was to compare the early response of human osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2) on commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and titanium-6-aluminium-7-niobium (Ti-6Al-7Nb) using glass slide as a control. In terms of cell attachment, no significance was observed when cells were seeded on the materials. However, morphological analysis by scanning electron microscope revealed that cells on Ti-6Al-7Nb showed better spreading after 4 hrs. After 48 hrs, both Western analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that cells cultured on Ti-6Al-7Nb synthesized a higher amount of fibronectin and osteopontin as compared to cells seeded on cpTi or on glass slide. These results suggest that Ti-6Al-7Nb possess a good potential to support SaOS-2 cells on spreading and fibronectin and osteopontin synthesis, therefore, this material may be one of a candidate material used in implant dentistry.
    Dokumententyp:
    Referenz
    Produkbestellnummer:
    AB1870
    Produktbezeichnung:
    Anti-Osteopontin Antibody

  • Osteoblast response to biomimetically altered titanium surfaces. 18595788

    Bioinert titanium (Ti) materials are generally encapsulated by fibrous tissue after implantation into the living body. To improve the bone-bonding ability of Ti implants, we activated commercially pure titanium (cpTi) by a simple chemical pre-treatment in HCl and NaOH. Subsequently, we exposed the treated samples to simulated body fluid (SBF) for 2 (TiCT) and 14 days (TiHCA), respectively, to mimic the early stages of bone bonding and to investigate the in vitro response of osteoblasts on thus altered biomimetic surfaces. Sample surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analyses, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that the efflorescence consisting of sodium titanate that is present on pre-treated cpTi surfaces transformed to calcium titanate after 2 days in SBF. After 14 days in SBF a homogeneous biomimetic apatite layer precipitated. Human osteoblasts (MG-63) revealed a well spread morphology on both functionalized Ti surfaces. On TiCT, the gene expression of the differentiation proteins alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone sialo protein was increased after 2 days. On both TiCT and TiHCA, the collagen I and ALP expression on the protein level was enhanced at 7 and 14 days. The TiCT and the TiHCA surfaces reveal the tendency to increase the differentiated cell function of MG-63 osteoblasts. Thus, chemical pre-treatment of titanium seems to be a promising method to generate osteoconductive surfaces.
    Dokumententyp:
    Referenz
    Produkbestellnummer:
    MAB1061
    Produktbezeichnung:
    Anti-Bone Sialoprotein II Antibody, CT, clone ID1.2