The uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in the water-flea Daphnia magna under acute exposure scenarios.

The uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in the water-flea Daphnia magna under acute exposure scenarios.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) (2014-08-12)

Nathalie Adam, Frédéric Leroux, Dries Knapen, Sara Bals, Ronny Blust

ABSTRACT

In this study the uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles by Daphnia magna was tested. Daphnids were exposed during 48 h to acute concentrations of the nanoparticles and corresponding metal salts. The Daphnia zinc and copper concentration was measured and the nanoparticles were localized using electron microscopy. The aggregation and dissolution in the medium was characterized. A fast dissolution of ZnO in the medium was observed, while most CuO formed large aggregates and only a small fraction dissolved. The Daphnia zinc concentration was comparable for the nanoparticles and salts. Contrarily, a much higher Daphnia copper concentration was observed in the CuO exposure, compared to the copper salt. CuO nanoparticles adsorbed onto the carapace and occurred in the gut but did not internalize in the tissues. The combined dissolution and uptake results indicate that the toxicity of both nanoparticle types was caused by metal ions dissolved from the particles in the medium.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

12816

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, ≥99.8% (complexometric)

BCR058

Continuous cast copper (O), BCR^®, certified reference material, rod

326488

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, beads, 2-8 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

266744

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

GF37804901

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.2mm, inside diameter 0.56mm, wall thickness 0.32mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF93436926

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 0.95mm, inside diameter 0.29mm, wall thickness 0.33mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF00529040

Copper, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 3.0mm, precision sphere grade 200

GF94832208

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.24mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF20553656

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.075mm, half hard, 99.95+%

GF53132330

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, half hard, 99.95+%

GF14011647

Copper, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.2mm, wall thickness 0.9mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF13944124

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, hard, 99.95+%

GF18312791

Copper, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.02mm, hard, 99.99+%

GF34922257

Copper, wire reel, 2000m, diameter 0.1mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF37623911

Copper, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.75mm, as drawn, 99.98+%

GF47171033

Copper, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF14764372

Copper, wire reel, 20m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.98+%

GF38786912

Copper, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF69447280

Copper, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.75mm, inside diameter 0.23mm, wall thickness 0.26mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF60058346

Copper, sphere, 1000pcs, diameter 3.0mm, precision sphere grade 200

GF16694006

Copper, rod, 50mm, diameter 6.35mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF23864463

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 0.75mm, inside diameter 0.23mm, wall thickness 0.26mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF87182657

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 6.0mm, inside diameter 4mm, wall thickness 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF46821382

Copper, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.75mm, inside diameter 0.33mm, wall thickness 0.71mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF20661083

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 10.26mm, wall thickness 1.22mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF77355579

Copper, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 0.65mm, inside diameter 0.21mm, wall thickness 0.22mm, as drawn, 99.9%

GF98886920

Copper, rod, 50mm, diameter 12.7mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF24578433

Copper, insulated wire, 50m, conductor diameter 1.0mm, insulation thickness 0.25mm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) insulation

GF56401523

Copper, rod, 500mm, diameter 4.8mm, hard, 99.9%

GF10267174

Copper, insulated wire, 10m, conductor diameter 1.0mm, insulation thickness 0.25mm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) insulation