C₆₀ Pyrrolidine tris-acid

C₆₀ Pyrrolidine tris-acid (CPTA) is a fullerene derivative that has carboxyl functionalized carbon buckyballs. It is majorly used in electrochemical devices as an electron transporting layer (ETL) due to its high energy level and electron mobility. It can be used as an alternative to conventional metal oxide based charge carrying films, through the esterification of a carboxylic acid with hydroxyl groups. Its solubility in water and other polar solvents makes it useful in solution processed devices.

This is a high value compound - minimal loss. It is water soluble fullerene, hence suitable for biological applications. Water-soluble fullerene adduct. Mono-adduct solubility at pH ~13 is about 0.5 mg/ml, giving stable solutions with aggregates in the 20 - 200 nm range. At pH 7.4, solubility is about 0.002 - 0.005 mg/ml.

C₆₀ Pyrrolidine tris-acid may be used as a cathode buffer layer in solar cells. It may be used as a wetting layer in an organic photovoltaics.

CPTA can be used as a cathodic buffer that forms a conductive layer between the active layer and the electrode layer for the fabrication of polymeric solar cells and perovskite based solar cells.