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Merck

793353

Tungsten oxide (WO3-x) nanoparticle ink

Synonym(s):

Tungsten oxide nanoparticle dispersion, Tungsten oxide suspension, WO3 dispersion, WO3 ink, Tungsten oxide, Tungsten oxide nanoparticle

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About This Item

Linear Formula:
WO3-x
NACRES:
NA.23
UNSPSC Code:
12352103

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form

dispersion

concentration

2.5 wt. % in 2-propanol

particle size

<50 nm (BET)

density

0.7992 g/mL at 25 °C

Quality Level

100

Related Categories

General description

This WO3-x nanoparticle ink is for slot-dye, spin-coating and doctor blading for the use as hole transport layer in printed electronics. Tungsten oxide nanoparticle ink is a hole-selective interface layer ink based on a colloidal suspension of tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles in isopropanol. The average size of WO3 particle is optimized around 12-16 nm. Tungsten oxide nanoparticle exhibits high work function, processability and easy layer formation on hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic substrates.This WO3-x nanoparticle ink is universally applicable in normal and inverted architecture solar cells.
Annealing temperature <100°C.

Application

WO3 nanoparticle ink can be applied in OPV cells as hole extraction layer (HEL) materials. Tungsten oxide nanoparticle ink can be mixed with PEDOT:PSS formulations in order to fine tune electronic and morphological dry layer properties (e.g. conductivity, surface roughness or layer porosity).

Other Notes

Prior to application: Ultrasonicate and (optionally) filter through 0.45 μm PTFE filter
Working conditions: Application and film drying under nitrogen (or low humidity)
Post-treatment: Annealing of deposited WO3-x films at 80°C - 120°C

Legal Information

Product of Avantama Ltd.

pictograms

FlameExclamation mark
GHS02,GHS07

signalword

Danger

Hazard Classifications

Eye Irrit. 2 - Flam. Liq. 2 - STOT SE 3

target_organs

Central nervous system

Storage Class

3 - Flammable liquids

wgk

WGK 1

flash_point_f

53.6 °F - closed cup

flash_point_c

12 °C - closed cup

Regulatory Listings

Regulatory Listings are mainly provided for chemical products. Only limited information can be provided here for non-chemical products. No entry means none of the components are listed. It is the user’s obligation to ensure the safe and legal use of the product.

Group 4: Flammable liquids + Alcohols + Hazardous rank II

fsl

Substances Subject to be Indicated Names

ishl_indicated

Substances Subject to be Notified Names

ishl_notified

793353-BULK: + 793353-5ML:4548173339856 + 793353-VAR: + 793353-25ML:4548173339849 + 793353-50ML:4548173361079

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Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
MKCM4750
MKCL1885
MKCH8503
MKCD0466

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High Fill Factor Polymer Solar Cells Incorporating a Low Temperature Solution Processed WO3 Hole Extraction Layer
Christoph J. Brabec; et al.
Advanced Energy Materials, 2, 1433-1438 (2012)
Inverted structure organic photovoltaic devices employing a low temperature solution processed WO3 anode buffer layer
Christoph J. Brabec; et al.
Organic Electronics, 13(11), 2479-2484 (2012)
A universal method to form the equivalent ohmic contact for efficient solution-processed organic tandem solar cells
Journal of Material Chemistry A, 2, 14896?14902-14896?14902 (2014)
Lin Zhou et al.
Scientific reports, 9(1), 8778-8778 (2019-06-21)
This paper presents perovskite solar cells employed with WO3 nanoparticles embedded carbon top electrode. WO3 nanoparticles works as an inorganic hole-transport material (HTM) to promote the hole-extraction in the perovskite/carbon interface as revealed by efficiency, electrochemical impedance and external quantum
Interface Design to Improve the Performance and Stability of Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Conventional Solar Cells
Advanced Energy Materials (2014)
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