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Merck

C2867

Citocromo c from equine heart

BioUltra, ≥99% (SDS-PAGE), powder, suitable for mammalian cell culture

Sinónimos:

Citocromo c from horse heart

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Número CAS:
9007-43-6
UNSPSC Code:
12352202
EC Number:
232-700-9
NACRES:
NA.25
MDL number:
MFCD00130890
Form:
powder
Assay:
≥99% (SDS-PAGE)
Biological source:
horse heart
Mol wt:
12,384

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Nombre del producto

Citocromo c from equine heart, BioUltra, ≥99% (SDS-PAGE), powder, suitable for mammalian cell culture

biological source

horse heart

product line

BioUltra

assay

≥99% (SDS-PAGE)

form

powder

mol wt

12,384

storage condition

(Tightly closed Dry)

technique(s)

cell culture | mammalian: suitable

solubility

water: 10 mg/mL, dark red-brown

UniProt accession no.

P00004

storage temp.

−20°C

Quality Level

300

Gene Information

horse ... CYCS(100053958)

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Categorías relacionadas

Application

Se caracterizaron los sitios específicos y el grado de oxidación en el citocromo c caballo tratado con H2O2 y UV. Se sugirió que el estado de estos sitios podría utilizarse como biomarcador del entorno oxidativo de una célula.
Cytochrome c from equine heart has been used to prepare a stock solution for synthesizing and calibrating biotinylated cytochrome c. It has also been used as a component of the reaction buffer to stain electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV and determine its activity using blue-native gel electrophoresis.

Biochem/physiol Actions

El citocromo c se conoce fundamentalmente como una proteína mitocondrial transportadora de electrones. La transición del citocromo c entre los estados ferroso y férrico dentro de la célula la convierte en un eficiente transportador biológico de electrones y desempeña un papel vital en las oxidaciones celulares tanto en plantas como en animales. Se considera generalmente como un catalizador universal de la respiración, formando un puente de electrones esencial entre los sustratos respirables y el oxígeno
Cytochrome C (Cyt C) acts as a potent signaling molecule of apoptosis by activating caspase 3, a death protease. It plays a role in heme-binding with the help of cytochrome c heme lyase which facilitates its release into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Cyt C also exhibits lipid-binding by interacting with cardiolipin, a phospholipid that initiates protein unfolding and activates the peroxidase function in Cyt C.

Other Notes

Encontrará más información sobre el citocromo c y el transporte de electrones en www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.

General description

Cytochrome C (Cyt C) is a nuclear DNA-encoded protein. It is derived from its precursor apo-cytochrome c and moves across the outer membrane of the mitochondria.

Research area: Apoptosis

Preparation Note

A further purification of C2506
Prepared using TCA.

Clase de almacenamiento

11 - Combustible Solids

wgk

WGK 3

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

ppe

Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)

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Certificados de análisis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
SLBZ9973
SLBT3660
SLBL5830V
SLBF9264V
070M7020V

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  1. Which document(s) contains shelf-life or expiration date information for a given product?

    If available for a given product, the recommended re-test date or the expiration date can be found on the Certificate of Analysis.

  2. How do I get lot-specific information or a Certificate of Analysis?

    The lot specific COA document can be found by entering the lot number above under the "Documents" section.

  3. How do I find price and availability?

    There are several ways to find pricing and availability for our products. Once you log onto our website, you will find the price and availability displayed on the product detail page. You can contact any of our Customer Sales and Service offices to receive a quote.  USA customers:  1-800-325-3010 or view local office numbers.

  4. What is the Department of Transportation shipping information for this product?

    Transportation information can be found in Section 14 of the product's (M)SDS.To access the shipping information for this material, use the link on the product detail page for the product. 

  5. I see that you list several horse heart cytochrome c products. What are the differences, and which one should I choose?

    Product No. C2506 is prepared with trichloroacetic acid (TCA), whereas C7752 is prepared with the milder acetic acid. The TCA method may reduce the amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD) present, but tends to cause dimerization or acid-modified structures of cytochrome c. In contrast, acetic acid preparations may have slightly higher amounts of SOD, but a lower proportion of dimeric cytochrome c. So C2506 would be recommended for enzyme activity studies that require low SOD, whereas C7752 is recommended for structural studies or binding studies, or for enzyme activity studies where possible SOD contamination is not a problem. Product No. C2867 is prepared from C2506; it is a BioUtra grade product, greater than or equal to 99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE. It is recommended when an ultra-high purity is required.  Product No. C3256 is also prepared from C7752; it is isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. This fraction shows a high rate of ascorbic acid oxidation, but low activity in a cytochrome oxidase system.  Product No. C7150 is also prepared from C7752; it is suitable for use as a gel filtration molecular weight marker.

  6. How do I determine how much of Product C2867, Cytochrome c, is in the oxidized form, and how much is reduced?

    This is determined by a spectral assay. The detailed assay procedure (operating procedure #11252) may be requested from Sigma St. Louis Technical Service (techserv@sial.com).

  7. Is Product C2867, Cytochrome c, predominantly in the oxidized form or the reduced form?

    This product is predominantly (>95%) in the oxidized form.

  8. How should I store solutions of Product C2867, Cytochrome c?

    Our general recommendations are as follows:  Store at -20 °C (freezer) for up to six months. Store at 2-8 °C (refrigerator) for up to two weeks. Store at 20-25 °C (room temperature) for up to three days. According to J. Biol. Chem, 237, 2161-2174 (1962), cytochrome c is stable to boiling, and over an unusually wide range of pH values. However, it denatures readily at extreme pH (low or high), and in high concentrations of organic solvents, such as ethanol or acetone.

  9. My question is not addressed here, how can I contact Technical Service for assistance?

    Ask a Scientist here.

Yuning Hong et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(45), 18713-18723 (2012-10-17)
Interactions of cytochrome c (cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) partially unfold the protein, activating its peroxidase function, a critical event in the execution of apoptosis. However, structural features of the altered protein species in the heterogeneous ensemble are difficult to
Raja Ghosh et al.
Journal of chromatography. A, 1515, 138-145 (2017-08-13)
In a recent paper, box-shaped or cuboid packed bed devices have been proposed as alternative to columns for chromatographic separations. We first propose a mathematical model for residence time distribution in such devices. Based on it, we examine factors likely
Luz P Blanco et al.
Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 73(12), 2282-2292 (2021-05-14)
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular lattices composed of nucleic material bound to neutrophil granule proteins. NETs may play pathogenic roles in the development and severity of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), at least in part, through
Diana Bahhir et al.
PLoS genetics, 15(10), e1008410-e1008410 (2019-10-05)
Mitochondria have been increasingly recognized as a central regulatory nexus for multiple metabolic pathways, in addition to ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Here we show that inducing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) stress in Drosophila using a mitochondrially-targeted Type I restriction
Reiko Ban-Ishihara et al.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(29), 11863-11868 (2013-07-04)
Mammalian cells typically contain thousands of copies of mitochondrial DNA assembled into hundreds of nucleoids. Here we analyzed the dynamic features of nucleoids in terms of mitochondrial membrane dynamics involving balanced fusion and fission. In mitochondrial fission GTPase dynamin-related protein
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