Nocodazole

Nocodazole (NZO) is an experimental benzimidazole-based agent that targets both protein kinases and microtubules. It serves as a lead compound in the quest for new colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSIs). This co-crystallized ligand acts as a high-affinity ligand for cancer-related kinases ABL, c-KIT, BRAF, and MEK, and functions as a rapidly-reversible inhibitor of microtubule polymerization.

Nocodazole has been used to induce microtubule depolymerization in mouse melanoma B16-F1 cells. It has also been used to treat A549 cells for mitotic arrest.

Nocodazole is an antimitotic agent that disrupts microtubules by binding to β−tubulin and preventing formation of one of the two interchain disulfide linkages, thus inhibiting microtubule dynamics, disruption of mitotic spindle function, and fragmentation of the Golgi complex. Nocodazole arrests the cell cycle at G₂/M phase and also prevents phosphorylation of the T cell antigen receptor and inhibits its activity. Nocodazole stimulates the intrinsic GTPase activity of tubulin and activates the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway and induces apoptosis in several normal and tumor cell lines. Nocodazole has been shown to enhance CRISPR homology-directed repair (HDR) efficiency and increase Cas9-mediated editing frequencies.

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